Certified Sports Nutritionist from the International Society of Sports Nutrition (CISSN) Practice Exam

These questions are part of the practice quiz. Start practicing

• What type of energy metabolism is increased by lactic acid production?
• Which of the following vitamins is considered fat soluble?
• What effect does selenium have on oxidative stress in cells?
• What are ketones and how are they produced?
• What is the function of zinc in the immune system?
• What is the primary form of carnosine found in dietary sources?
• Which type of fatty acids are positively correlated with testosterone concentrations?
• What is the primary role of vitamin E in the body?
• Which process contributes to the excretion of nitrogen in the urine as ammonium?
• What is the effect of both EPA and DHA on carnitine acyltransferase I (CAT I) activity?
• What is the process of glycogen synthesis called?
• What physiological change accompanies an increase in resting metabolic rate?
• What supplement is known to enhance insulin sensitivity and improve glucose metabolism?
• What is one of the primary roles of copper in the body?
• Which vitamins are involved in the body's metabolism?
• What health conditions are associated with elevated plasma homocysteine levels?
• What is the role of riboflavin related to oxidative stress?
• What is considered the rate-limiting enzyme in glycolysis?
• What energy system is primarily used for sprints lasting less than 10 seconds?
• What is HICA and its role in athletic performance?
• What is one way that EPA and DHA from Omega-3 fatty acids can influence lipid metabolism?
• Which type of solution is known to stimulate oral receptors and enhance corticomotor pathway excitability?
• What type of fatty acid contains two or more double bonds along the carbon chain?
• What is the primary function of phospholipids in the body?
• What serves as the predominant energy source for the body as exercise intensity increases?
• Type I muscle fibers are characterized by which of the following?
• What is a primary function of Vitamin C in the body?
• Which of the following best describes lipolysis?
• How many calories are in 1 g of protein?
• The Krebs cycle is also known as what?
• Which proteins are primarily associated with the muscle cytoskeleton?
• What is a benefit of ingesting essential amino acids prior to exercise?
• What are the metabolic pathways of glucose after it is absorbed by the small intestine?
• Which B-vitamin plays a critical role in the synthesis of coenzyme A?
• What does HMB stand for?
• Which of the following effects has been associated with HMB on lean body mass (LBM)?
• What hormone increases in response to resistance training for both men and women?
• Which trace minerals are essential for antioxidant functions in the body?
• Which macromolecule's nitrogen component can the body not oxidize?
• What is the reason carbohydrates are considered the preferred fuel source during intense exercise?
• What are the primary sources that supply the body's need for water?
• Which component is NOT a function of proteins in the body?
• What role does zinc play in cellular metabolism?
• What is Phosphatidylserine best known for in terms of its effects?
• Which amino acid works with insulin to coordinate protein synthesis with dietary intake?
• What is the role of creatine in muscle performance?
• What is L-Carnitine primarily responsible for in living cells?
• During which process do amino acids lose their amine or nitrogen group?
• Which B-complex vitamin is known as cobalamin?
• What can beta-alanine supplementation magnify during training?
• Under which conditions are intramuscular amino acids degraded for energy?
• Which vitamin is required for the conversion of homocysteine to methionine?
• What is the required dose for beta-alanine to achieve ergogenic effects?
• Which amino acid is regarded as a major gluconeogenic amino acid?
• Chronic exposure to hyperglycemia affects insulin production by what mechanism?
• What physiological changes occur during the initial weeks of resistance training with creatine supplementation?
• Which type of carbohydrate has the highest glycemic index?
• When glycogen stores are depleted, which macronutrient is primarily used for energy during distance running?
• What is the primary characteristic of whey protein concentrate?
• What constitutes the female triad in sports nutrition?
• Which amino acid metabolism product is associated with anti-catabolic effects?
• How does a low-glycemic carbohydrate intake affect exercise performance?
• How does dietary fiber help reduce the absorption of food?
• What is the approximate amount of water stored with one gram of glycogen?
• What type of exercise response is maximized by sufficient beta-alanine?
• What does a higher intake of carbohydrates during endurance exercise primarily influence?
• What happens to inflammatory markers after exercise when oat bran is consumed?
• Which macronutrient is most directly involved in energy production during high-intensity exercise?
• How does Vitamin D positively influence cardiovascular health?
• What happens to carbon skeletons of amino acids in catabolic pathways?
• What is the primary goal of hydration strategies in sports nutrition?
• Which adaptation results from aerobic training related to enzyme activity?
• What is the main rationale for assessing individual energy expenditure?
• What does the acronym RDI stand for in nutritional terminology?
• Which of the following is true about high carbohydrate diets?
• Under what condition does glutamine become conditionally essential?
• Which type of whey protein is approximately 90-94% protein?
• What is the SI unit of energy?
• Which of the following vitamins is specifically known as an antioxidant?
• What role does thioredoxin reductase play in the body?
• What is a known effect of phosphatidylserine supplementation?
• What is a primary function of Phosphorus in the body?
• Approximately how many days of heat exposure does it take to fully acclimate to exercising in the heat?
• Which population has shown significant benefits from beta-hydroxy-beta-methylbutyrate (HMB) supplementation?
• How is riboflavin primarily involved in metabolic processes?
• What role does the sympathetic nervous system play in metabolism during exercise?
• How does aerobic exercise influence stroke volume?
• What is the primary function of an ergogenic aid?
• What effects can a low-carbohydrate diet have on prolonged physical activity?
• What is the primary outcome of losing weight through diet only?
• What are the essential amino acids?
• Which mineral is critical for nerve conduction and muscle contraction by assisting in active transport?
• What happens to amino acids during gluconeogenesis?
• What nutrient deficiencies are often associated with poorly executed vegetarian diets?
• Which mineral is recommended for supplementation in cases of anemia?
• What effect does niacin supplementation have on free fatty acids (FFA)?
• What contributes to the antioxidant capacity of blood?
• What are the metabolic effects of vanadyl sulfate?
• How can omega-3 fatty acids influence thermogenesis?
• What advantage does L-alanyl-L-glutamine supplementation provide during mild hydration stress?
• What physiological effect does carnosine's buffering capacity have during exercise?
• Which of the following is associated with improved endurance performance according to oat bran research?
• What type of energy system is predominantly used in long duration, low intensity activities?
• What is the impact of a proper creatine loading phase?
• Which organs are primarily involved in nitrogen elimination in the body?
• What is the role of echinacea in immune system function?
• In nutritional standards, what is the significance of Adequate Intake (AI)?
• What is a BOD-POD used for?
• What effect does HMB have on delayed onset muscle soreness (DOMS)?
• What is the effect of aerobic exercise on cardiac output?
• What effect does an extremely high-protein/low-carbohydrate diet typically have on appetite?
• Which nutrients are known to improve immune system function?
• Type I muscle fibers are primarily fueled by which substance?
• Which characteristics are associated with Type IIa muscle fibers?
• What do lipids primarily consist of?
• What type of trial is indicated when neither the participants nor researchers know who is receiving treatment?
• Which of the following is a polysaccharide?
• What effect does high fiber content in carbohydrates have during exercise?
• What effect does betaine supplementation have on exercise performance?
• What effect does supplementation with alpha-hydroxy-isocaproic acid (HICA) have on muscle mass?
• Which vitamin is primarily involved in the carboxylation of glutamic acid?
• What is the primary function of glutathione peroxidase?
• How does fluoride contribute to dental health?
• How does selenium contribute to immune function?
• Which of the following refers to the syndrome combining eating disorders, amenorrhea, and bone density loss in women?
• Chronic heavy resistance training results in what adaptations in skeletal muscle?
• Which of the following substances is a naturally occurring amino acid that acts as a precursor to carnosine?
• Which vitamin is known to positively affect muscle function?
• Which minerals are commonly depleted through sweating?
• What is the primary fuel source for high jump?
• What is the thermic effect of carbohydrate?
• What is the primary difference in thermoregulation between men and women if body composition is the same?
• Which vitamin is primarily responsible for maintaining healthy vision?
• What effect does elevated blood glucose have on the beta cells of the pancreas?
• In addition to energy, what other function does calcium support in the body?
• What is the general role of calcium in the body?
• What is the form of vitamin E that is most abundant in the body?
• How does creatine ethyl ester compare to creatine monohydrate?
• What percentage change in body weight is considered minimal dehydration?
• What is one role of carnitine that is synthesized with the help of vitamin C?
• What is the structural component of bone that is comprised of calcium phosphate salt?
• What is lactic acid?
• Which of the following is a selenoprotein?
• What is beta-alanine's role in athletic performance?
• What is a characteristic of cellulose?
• What is the primary function of the Cori cycle?
• What is motor unit recruitment?
• What role does protein play in the body?
• From where does most of the energy for ATP phosphorylation originate?
• What role do anabolic hormones play in relation to skeletal muscle?
• What does the combination of glutathione and glutathione peroxidase primarily convert?
• Which factors are included in the determination of Total Daily Energy Expenditure (TDEE)?
• What is a key dietary source of unsaturated fatty acids?
• Which amino acid is primarily associated with the fuel for gluconeogenesis?
• Where does glycolysis primarily take place in the cell?
• How do high and low fat diets correlate with testosterone levels?
• How does beta-alanine supplementation affect previously trained athletes?
• What mineral enhances insulin function and is involved in glucose metabolism?
• What are the functions of skeletal muscle satellite cells?
• Which of the following is NOT a function associated with selenoproteins?
• What is the purpose of Recommended Dietary Allowances (RDA)?
• What activities utilize the ATP-PCr energy system as the main energy system?
• What are the primary contractile proteins found in muscles?
• Which muscle fiber is best suited for endurance activities?
• How does blood lactate typically change as exercise intensity increases?
• What is the most abundant mineral in the human body?
• Which of the following best describes the function of selenium in the human body?
• What effect does caffeine have on adenosine receptors during exercise?
• During a 1500 m run, what is the primary fuel source?
• Which of the following statements about selenium is true?
• What constituent in coffee may influence the development of Type II diabetes?
• What is the thermic effect of fat?
• What is the term for the complete cessation of the menstrual cycle?
• Which antioxidant system is involved in regeneration by thioredoxin reductase?
• What is the recommended dietary allowance (RDA) for protein for sedentary adults?
• Which mineral is essential for the synthesis of the antioxidant glutathione?
• Where does oxidative deamination primarily occur in the body?
• How does increasing meal frequency impact appetite control?
• What defines the glycose-alanine cycle?
• What does EGCG stand for?
• What are potential effects of high fructose consumption?
• What condition may arise from selenium deficiency?
• What is the role of carbohydrate-electrolyte solutions during exercise?
• What is the primary role of thiamin in the body?
• What general effect does dietary fructose have on GLUT5 transport proteins?
• What role does sodium play in the body during physical activity?
• Which electrolytes are most commonly found in the human body?
• What is the protein intake recommendation for endurance-trained athletes?
• Which vitamin is crucial for the synthesis of neurotransmitters like serotonin and dopamine?
• How do the kidneys contribute to nitrogen elimination?
• What is Beta Carotene primarily known for?
• What role does the liver play in nitrogen elimination?
• Which mineral is known to result in oxidative damage when deficient due to its role in antioxidant enzyme activity?
• What is a primary function of carnosine in muscle tissue?
• What is the primary fuel source for Type IIx muscle fibers?
• Which function is associated with cholesterol?
• Where is IGF-1 primarily produced in the body?
• Which of the following is NOT a primary energy source for the body?
• What is one of the functions of retinoids beyond regulating cell growth?
• What are the effects of pre-exercise bicarbonate loading?
• What mineral is selenium classified as?
• What is produced as a byproduct of incomplete fat oxidation?
• What is the main source of energy derived from the coenzymes NAD and NADP?
• What happens to appetite after consuming a high-protein meal?
• How many calories are in 1 g of fat?
• What is a glycerol?
• What are the effects of protein consumption combined with exercise?
• Which nutrient is considered the main source of energy during medium-distance sprints?
• What are the effects of carbohydrate consumption during exercise?
• What are HDL's primary responsibilities in the body?
• What is one of the main functions of the urea cycle in amino acid metabolism?
• What type of sports primarily utilizes the lactic acid energy system?
• What is one of the key effects of dietary protein intake on exercise?
• What is the primary dietary source of biotin?
• What is a characteristic of waxy maize starch?
• What is the effect of BCAAs during fasting or prolonged exercise?
• What qualifies a vitamin dosage as a megadose?
• What is the approximate RER for protein utilization?
• What is the thermic effect of protein?
• What effect does pre-exercise ingestion of glycerol have on the body?
• How many calories are in 1 g of carbohydrates?
• Which type of muscle fibers have the greatest capacity for fat utilization?
• According to recommended guidelines, how much protein should athletes consume after an intense training session?
• What is the typical maintenance dose of creatine after a loading phase to sustain elevated levels?
• What is one of the primary functions of BCAAs during exercise?
• Which of the following is NOT a function of vitamin C?
• How does caffeine enhance performance during high-intensity endurance exercise?
• What is the RER indicative of for fat utilization?
• What characterizes an exergonic reaction?
• What is the main characteristic of amylopectin?
• Which trace mineral is primarily involved in bone formation and thyroid function?
• In the context of dietary fats, what distinguishes saturated fatty acids?
• In a placebo-controlled study, what defines the control group?
• How are amino acids primarily used for energy?
• Which catabolic hormone is counteracted by supplementation with glutamine and phosphatidylserine?
• Which enzyme is involved in the conversion of creatine to creatine phosphate?
• How can an athlete effectively increase muscle protein synthesis after resistance training?
• Which of the following is a function of carnosine regarding oxidative stress?
• Which vitamin is primarily recognized for its role as a powerful antioxidant that helps scavenge free radicals?
• Which fuel source is oxidized preferentially during high-intensity exercise?
• What is one crucial role of iodine in the body?
• What is the main fuel source utilized during light to moderate exercise?
• What is one effect of low glutamine levels in athletes?
• In which bodily process is selenium primarily involved?
• Which muscle fiber type is associated with high power output and short-term anaerobic activity?
• What is the active coenzyme form of Vitamin B6 in the body?
• Approximately how many additional calories are needed to accumulate 1 kg of body fat?
• What ergogenic effect does creatine have on the phosphagen system?
• What is the recommended intake of water prior to exercising in hot conditions?
• Which body system is notably affected by supplementation with Omega-3 rich fish oils?
• Which factor is NOT influential in the amount of water lost during exercise?
• Is caffeine banned by the International Olympic Committee (IOC)?
• What is a key difference between polymerized and concentrated glucose solutions?
• Which hormone's secretion is typically affected by high-intensity exercise and can be normalized by certain supplements?
• What is a benefit of glutamine supplementation after exercise?
• Why must creatine supplementation include both a loading and a maintenance phase?
• What effect does carbohydrate (CHO) consumption have before and during exercise?
• What is the primary fuel source for a marathon?
• What is a common consequence of dehydration from excessive sweating?
• Which type of exercise would primarily use anaerobic metabolism?
• What are the primary effects of excessive sweating during exercise?
• What is the role of LDL in the body?
• What happens to performance when intramuscular pH decreases due to intense anaerobic exercise?
• What are the energy capacities of the body's three main energy systems?
• What are the general roles of sodium and potassium?
• Which amino acid is most abundant in plasma and skeletal muscle?
• Which form of Vitamin E is known to be the most active in the body?
• Which trace mineral contributes to the regulation of immune function?
• Which compound is known to independently increase fat loss?
• How does glycogen serve the body during high-intensity exercise?
• What is the primary role of hemicellulose in the diet?
• What does VLDL stand for?
• Which antioxidant has potential therapeutic applications related to various disorders?
• Which supplementation is known to improve the buffering capacity of skeletal muscle?
• Why is fat considered an ideal cellular fuel?
• What is sweat primarily composed of?
• How does manganese function in the body?
• What does IGF-1 stand for?
• How is carnosine synthesized in the body?
• Which group of vitamins is classified as water soluble?
• Which of the following is an example of a monosaccharide?
• What is a significant function of molybdenum in the body?
• What role do lactate and pyruvate play in gluconeogenesis?
• Which compound is known as a non-starch polysaccharide that is resistant to hydrolysis?
• What effect does ingestion of essential amino acids post-exercise have?
• Which of the following essential amino acids are classified as branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs)?
• What is the primary form of Vitamin D utilized in the body?
• What is a noted benefit of caffeine supplementation during exercise?
• Which of the following is a role of magnesium in the body?
• How does frequent feeding affect body composition in sedentary populations?
• What is an example of a disaccharide?
• What is the primary active ingredient of Bitter Orange or Citrus Auranitum responsible for thermogenic effects?
• What does RDDI stand for?
• How does vitamin C contribute to immune system function?
• What type of foods can influence hydration status during exercise?
• What is chromium's role in glucose metabolism?
• What does oxidation refer to in a biochemical context?
• What alteration occurs in sprint performance with creatine supplementation during resistance training?
• What effect does aerobic exercise have on cardiac muscle?
• Which of the following is a benefit of creatine supplementation regarding injury?
• What vitamin is commonly lacking in a vegan diet?
• What is the primary benefit of quercetin on exercise performance?
• What happens to the RER at a rested-fed state?
• Which role does calcium play in the body?
• What is the primary benefit of creatine monohydrate supplementation according to current research?
• During which type of exercise does fat oxidation primarily occur?
• What is a potential benefit of HICA supplementation during a training period?
• What physiological principle describes rate coding?
• What is the process of splitting triglycerides known as?
• Which of the following is NOT considered a conditionally essential amino acid?
• What role does glutamine play in immune system support?
• Which common food is an effective aid for post-exercise muscle recovery?
• What does glycemic load represent?
• Which mineral is essential for the formation of collagen?
• Which substance acts as an antioxidant within the respiratory chain?
• What adaptations in skeletal muscle occur as a result of regular aerobic training?
• What is one of the main functions of cholesterol in the body?
• Which of the following is an effect of caffeine as a supplement for athletes?
• What has the greatest effect on a sedentary person's daily energy expenditure?
• How does lactic acid affect energy metabolism during exercise?
• What is considered the most effective ergogenic nutritional supplement for athletes?
• What is GPLC?
• What is a beneficial effect of glutamine supplementation?
• What are the thyroid hormones T3 and T4 primarily responsible for?
• What structural form does selenium take in selenoproteins?
• What is the relationship between muscle glycogen storage and body mass?
• What would lead to the formation of ketone bodies?
• What effect does long-term coffee consumption have on Type II diabetes risk?
• Which molecule is produced by ATP kinase during energy metabolism?
• Which enzyme is largely responsible for the detoxification of hydrogen peroxide in the body?
• Which post-workout meal is best for promoting skeletal muscle hypertrophy?
• What is a major function of selenium-dependent enzymes?
• What nutrient is essential for the synthesis of carnosine in muscle cells?
• What impact does adequate selenium intake have on health?
• In which part of the cell does the Krebs cycle occur?
• How is an endergonic reaction defined?
• Which vitamin's intake, when below the RDA, can lead to physical performance impairment?
• Which buffer in the body helps to regulate acid-base balance in the kidneys?
• What is the effect of pre-exercise dehydration on performance?
• How does whey protein isolate supplementation affect muscle recovery?
• Which compound is generated by the enzyme CK in muscles?
• What essential metabolic function is folate primarily involved in?
• What is one of the primary roles of calcium in the body?
• What is one of the primary functions of glutamine in the body?
• Which of the following amino acids are classified as branched chain amino acids (BCAAs)?
• What is the relationship of anabolic steroid use to plasma lipids?
• What are the benefits of protein post-workout?
• Which vitamin is synthesized in the skin through the conversion of 7-dehydrocholesterol?
• How do skeletal muscle satellite cells respond to fiber damage?
• What are conditionally essential amino acids?
• What is one of the primary functions of retinoids?
• What is the recommended form of chromium for absorption from food?
• What serves as the primary source of carbohydrate energy during exercise?
• What is the relationship between exercise intensity and water loss?
• What role do vitamins play in metabolism?
• What is one characteristic of triglycerols?
• What effect does aerobic exercise generally have on resting heart rate?
• Which of the following is considered a trace mineral?
• Which nutrient aids in the immune system's defense against infections through enhancing immune status?
• Which group experienced an increase in time to exhaustion during an oat bran study?
• What is the primary fate of lactate produced during intense anaerobic exercise?
• The % daily value is calculated based on which kcal diet?
• How does aerobic exercise impact exercise heart rate?
• What is the respiratory exchange ratio (RER) for carbohydrates?
• What is the main effect of chronic resistance training on Type II muscle fibers?
• What compound is responsible for transporting fatty acids to the mitochondria for entry into the Krebs cycle?
• Which amino acid is primarily deaminated during oxidative deamination?
• What is the most commonly cited side effect of creatine supplementation?
• What effect does insufficient dietary protein have on individuals?
• What is the primary role of protein as a fuel source during exercise?
• Which of the following describes the effects of caffeine on metabolism?
• Which term refers to Estimated Safe and Adequate Daily Dietary Intakes?
• How does beta-alanine contribute to performance enhancement?
• What is the absorption rate of fructose when combined with glucose?
• What is the result of inadequate beta-alanine availability?
• What happens to lactate immediately after intense exercise?
• What is the main function of carbohydrates in the body?
• What do acylcarnitines primarily help transport?
• Which protein in skeletal muscle primarily determines contractility?